Personal Narrative Of Travels To The Equinoctial Regions Of America During The Years 1799-1804 - Volume 3 - By Alexander Von Humboldt And Aime Bonpland.
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Has This Superposition
Been Well Ascertained?) Fill The Vast Plains Of Louisiana And Canada.
In Examining The Specimens Collected By
The indefatigable Caillaud in
the Lybian desert and the Oasis of Siwa, we recognize sandstone
similar to that of Thebes;
Fragments of petrified dicotyledonous wood
(from thirty to forty feet long), with rudiments of branches and
medullary concentric layers, coming perhaps from tertiary sandstone
with lignites;* (* Formation of molassus.); chalk with spatangi and
anachytes, Jura limestone with nummulites partly agatized; another
fine-grained limestone* employed in the construction of the temple of
Jupiter Ammon (Omm-Beydah) (* M. von Buch very reasonably inquires
whether this statuary limestone, which resembles Parian marble, and
limestone become granular by contact with the systematic granite of
Predazzo, is a modification of the limestone with nummulites, of Siwa.
The primitive rocks from which the fine-grained marble was believed to
be extracted, if there be no deception in its granular appearance, are
far distant from the Oasis of Siwa.); and gem-salt with sulphur and
bitumen. These examples sufficiently prove that the plains (llanos),
steppes and deserts have not that uniform tertiary formation which has
been too generally supposed. Do the fine pieces of riband-jasper, or
Egyptian pebbles, which M. Bonpland picked up in the savannahs of
Barcelona (near Curataquiche), belong to the sandstone of the Llanos
of Calabozo or to a stratum superposed on that sandstone? The former
of these suppositions would approach, according to the analogy of the
observations made by M. Roziere in Egypt, the sandstone of Calabozo,
or tertiary nagelfluhe.
7. FORMATION OF THE COMPACT LIMESTONE OF CUMANACOA.
A bluish-grey compact limestone, almost destitute of petrifactions,
and frequently intersected by small veins of carburetted lime, forms
mountains with very abrupt ridges. These layers have the same
direction and the same inclination as the mica-slate of Araya. Where
the flank of the limestone mountains of New Andalusia is very steep we
observe, as at Achsenberg, near Altdorf in Switzerland, layers that
are singularly arched or turned. The tints of the limestone of
Cumanacoa vary from darkish grey to bluish white and sometimes pass
from compact to granular. It contains, as substances accidentally
disseminated in the mass, brown iron-ore, spathic iron, even
rock-crystal. As subordinate layers it contains (1) numerous strata of
carburetted and slaty marl with pyrites; (2) quartzose sandstone,
alternating with very thin strata of clayey slate; (3) gypsum with
sulphur near Guire in the Golfo Triste on the coast of Paria. As I did
not examine on the spot the position of this yellowish-white
fine-grained gypsum I cannot determine with any certainty its relative
age.
([Footnote not indicated:] This sandstone contains springs. In general
it only covers the limestone of Cumanacoa, but it appeared to me to be
sometimes enclosed.)
The only petrifactions of shells which I found in this limestone
formation consist of a heap of turbinites and trochites, on the flank
of Turimiquiri, at more than 680 toises high, and an ammonite seven
inches in diameter, in the Montana de Santa Maria, north-north-west of
Caripe.
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