Upon This Hill Is A Scaffold Erected, At The Charge Of The City, For
The Execution Of Noble Offenders Imprisoned In The Tower (After
Sentence Passed Upon Them).
The names of the quays or wharves lying on the Thames side in this
ward between the Tower and Billingsgate,
Are Brewer's Quay, Chester
Quay, Galley Quay, Wool Quay, Porter's Quay, Custom-House Quay,
Great Bear Quay, Little Bear Quay, Wigging's Quay, Ralph's Quay,
Little Dice Quay, Great Dice Quay, and Smart's Quay, of which, next
to the Custom-House Quay, Bear Quays are the most considerable,
there being one of the greatest markets in England for wheat and
other kinds of grain, brought hither by coasting vessels.
The public buildings in this ward (besides the western part of the
Tower above-mentioned to be within the City) are the Custom House,
Cloth-workers' Hall, Bakers' Hall, and the three parish churches of
Allhallows Barking, St. Olave Hart Street, and St. Dunstan's in the
East.
The Custom House is situated on the north side of the Thames,
between the Tower and Billingsgate, consisting of two floors, in the
uppermost of which, in a wainscoted magnificent room, almost the
whole length of the building, and fifteen feet in height, sit the
commissioners of the customs, with their under officers and clerks.
The length of this edifice is a hundred and eighty-nine feet, and
the general breadth twenty-seven, but at the west end it is sixty
feet broad. It is built of brick and stone, and covered with lead,
being adorned with the upper and lower orders of architecture.
3. Aldgate, or Ealdgate Ward. The principal streets and places in
it are Aldgate Street, Berry Street, part of St. Mary Axe, part of
Leadenhall Street, part of Lime Street, Billiter Lane and Square,
part of Mark Lane, Fenchurch Street, and Crutchedfriars.
The public buildings in this ward are the African House, the Navy
Office, Bricklayers' Hall, the churches of St. Catherine Creechurch,
St. James's, Duke's Place, St. Andrew Undershaft, St. Catherine
Coleman, and the Jews' Synagogues.
The Royal African House is situated on the south side of Leadenhall
Street, near the east end of it. Here the affairs of the company
are transacted; but the house has nothing in it that merits a
particular description.
The Navy Office is situated on the south side of Crutchedfriars,
near Tower Hill, being a large, well-built pile of buildings, and
the offices for every branch of business relating to the navy
admirably well disposed.
The Jews' synagogues are in Duke's Place, where, and in that
neighbourhood, many of that religion inhabit. The synagogue stands
east and West, as Christian churches usually do: the great door is
on the west, within which is a long desk upon an ascent, raised
above the floor, from whence the law is read. The east part of the
synagogue also is railed in, and the places where the women sit
enclosed with lattices; the men sit on benches with backs to them,
running east and west; and there are abundance of fine branches for
candles, besides lamps, especially in that belonging to the
Portuguese.
4. Lime Street Ward. The principal streets and places in it are
part of Leadenhall Street, and Leadenhall Market, part of Lime
Street, and part of St. Mary Axe.
Leadenhall Market, the finest shambles in Europe, lies between
Leadenhall Street and Fenchurch Street. Of the three courts or
yards which it consists of, the first is that at the north-east
corner of Gracechurch Street, and opens into Leadenhall Street.
This court or yard contains in length from north to south 164 feet,
and in breadth from east to west eighty feet: within this court or
yard, round about the same, are about 100 standing stalls for
butchers, for the selling of beef only, and therefore this court is
called the beef market. These stalls are either under warehouses,
or sheltered from the weather by roofs over them. This yard is on
Tuesdays a market for leather, to which the tanners resort; on
Thursdays the waggons from Colchester, and other parts, come with
baize, &c., and the fellmongers with their wool; and on Fridays it
is a market for raw hides; on Saturdays, for beef and other
provisions.
The second market yard is called the Greenyard, as being once a
green plot of ground; afterwards it was the City's storeyard for
materials for building and the like; but now a market only for veal,
mutton, lamb, &c. This yard is 170 feet in length from east to
west, and ninety feet broad from north to south; it hath in it 140
stalls for the butchers, all covered over. In the middle of this
Greenyard market from north to south is a row of shops, with rooms
over them, for fishmongers: and on the south side and west end are
houses and shops also for fishmongers. Towards the east end of this
yard is erected a fair market-house, standing upon columns, with
vaults underneath, and rooms above, with a bell tower, and a clock,
and under it are butchers' stalls. The tenements round about this
yard are for the most part inhabited by cooks and victuallers; and
in the passages leading out of the streets into this market are
fishmongers, poulterers, cheesemongers, and other traders in
provisions.
The third market belonging to Leadenhall is called the Herb Market,
for that herbs, roots, fruits, &c., are only there sold. This
market is about 140 feet square; the west, east, and north sides had
walks round them, covered over for shelter, and standing upon
columns; in which walks there were twenty-eight stalls for
gardeners, with cellars under them.
The public buildings in this ward are Leadenhall, the East India
House, Pewterers' Hall, and Fletchers' Hall.
Leadenhall is situated on the south side of Leadenhall Street. It
is a large stone fabric, consisting of three large courts or yards,
as has been observed already; part of it is at present a warehouse,
in the occupation of the East India Company, where the finest
calicoes, and other curiosities of the Eastern part of the world,
are reposited; another part of it is for Colchester baize, and is
open every Thursday and Friday.
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