- E.
[27] Tumbez seems here substituted by mistake for Payta. San Miguel is not
less than 130 miles from Tumbez, and only about 30 from Payta - E.
[28] From the subsequent operations of Alvarado, this seems an error of
the press for Quito. - E.
[29] Probably that now called Riobamba by the Spaniards, about 100 miles
south from Quito. - E.
[30] Garcilasso says that the soldiers of both armies, being mostly
natives of Estremedura, mixed together without permission of their
officers, and made propositions of peace and amity, by which the
generals were in a great measure forced to an agreement.
[31] Two thousand marks of gold of eight ounces each, and the ounce at
four pound Sterling are worth L.64,000, perhaps equivalent to near
L.460,000 of modern money. - E.
[32] Perhaps that now called Xibarros, in the south of the kingdom of
Quito. - E.
[33] According to Garcilosso, Pizarro made an additional free gift to
Alvarado of 20,000 gold pesos to defray the expence of his voyage back
to his government, with emeralds and turquoises to a considerable
value, and several articles of gold plate for the use of his table. - E.
[34] Lima or Los Reyes is built on the banks of a river named Rimac or
Limac by the Peruvians, whence its ordinary name of Lima. It is about
ten miles from the sea, having a port named Callao at the mouth of the
river. This city got the name of _the City of the Kings_; either from
its foundation being laid on the 18th of January 1535, on the festival
of the _three kings_; or in honour of Juana and Carlos, joint
sovereigns of Castile. - E.
SECTION III.
_Occurrences from the departure of Almagro for Chili, to his capture by
Pizarro, being the first part of the civil wars in Peru_.
Inconsequence of the agreement between Pizarro and Almagro, which was
ratified on the 12th of June 1535, Almagro soon afterwards set out upon
the proposed discovery and conquest at the head of five hundred and
seventy men, partly cavalry and part infantry; for so great were the hopes
of acquiring riches in this expedition, that several who had already
acquired establishments in Peru, abandoned their houses, lands, and
Indians, to follow the fortunes of Almagro[1]. Juan, de Saavedra was sent
on before the main body of the army with a detachment of a hundred men;
and, in the course of his march through that province which has since been
called _Los Charcas_, he met with some Indians on their road from Chili to
Peru, who were going to pay their homage to the Inca. Almagro having along
with him a body of two hundred men, both horse and foot, made a march of
two hundred and fifty leagues, reducing the whole country in his way, till
he arrived in the district of the _Chichas_, where he learnt that he was
followed by a body of fifty Spaniards commanded by Niguerol de Ulloa.
Almagro commanded that party to join him, and continued his march towards
Chili, which is 350 leagues beyond the province, of Chichas, reducing all
the tribes on his route to submission. Almagro halted at this place with
half his troops, and sent on the rest under Gomez de Aivarado, who
proceeded sixty leagues farther; but was forced to return to Almagro, in
consequence of the severity of the weather.
After the departure of Almagro from Cuzco, the Inca Manco Capac and his,
brother Villaoma entered into a plot for massacring all the Spaniards in
Peru on a certain day. Manco Capac had engaged execute to that part of the
conspiracy which had for its object the destruction of Almagro and his
troops, but which he was unable to accomplish. What was done by his
brother will be related afterwards. Philipillo, the Peruvian interpreter
who has been formerly mentioned, was acquainted with this conspiracy, on
which account he made his escape from Almagro, and being pursued and taken
was condemned to be quartered. Before his execution, he confessed that he
had unjustly procured the death of Atahualpa, that he might thereby secure
to himself one of the wives of that unhappy prince, of whom he was
enamoured.
About two months after the arrival of Almagro in Chili, one of his
captains named Ruy Dias came to him with a reinforcement of a hundred men,
and informed him that all the natives of Peru had revolted and had
massacred most of the Spaniards in that country. Almagro was much grieved
at this intelligence, and resolved immediately to return, that he might
chastise the revolters and restore the country to obedience; meaning
afterwards to send one of his captains with a sufficient force to reduce
Chili. He accordingly set out on his return, and was met on his way by
Rodrigo Orgognez, who brought him a reinforcement of twenty-five men, and
was soon afterwards joined by Juan de Herrada with a farther reinforcement
of a hundred. Herrada brought him likewise the letters patent of the king,
by which he was appointed governor of two hundred leagues of country
beyond the boundaries assigned to Pizarro. This new government which was
granted to Almagro was directed to be named the New Kingdom of Toledo, and
that of Pizarro, the New Kingdom of Castille. Having said at the
commencement of this section, that Almagro carried with him from Cuzco on
this expedition a force of 570 Spanish troops; it must be remarked that
such was his intention, but that in reality he had only 200 men along with
him, after which his army was made up nearly to the intended number by the
different reinforcements of which we have made mention.
In the march of Almagro into Chili, his army suffered excessive hardships
from hunger and thirst.
![Mexico - A General History And Collection Of Voyages And Travels - Volume 4 - By Robert Kerr
- - E.
[26] This paragraph is added from the history of America, II. 313, to the
text of Zarate, as necessary - Page 176](../images/travel.jpg)
