[3] Schabran, or Schabiran. - E.
[4] Shamaki, in Shirvan. - E.
[5] The Karai, on which Tefflis or Tiblis stands, runs from the north-west;
the Demur, Araz or Araxes from the west; and both united form the Kur,
which runs directly south into the Caspian. - E.
[6] Georgia or Gurgistan is to the north-west of the plain of Mogan. - E.
[7] These were the ancestors of the present Turks, who laid the foundation
of the Osmanian or Othoman empire. Kanja, called Ganges or Ganghe in
the text, was their capital. - Frost.
[8] This passage is erroneous or corrupted. In travelling westwards up the
Araxes or Araz, he had Persia on his left, to the south, Georgia on
his right, to the north, and the Caspian sea and mountains of the
Iron-gate were left behind him, to the east and north-east. - E.
[9] Westwards. - E.
[10] Arz-roum on the Frat or Euphrates, perhaps a corruption of Arx-
romanorum; as the Turks give the name of Roum to a part of Lesser
Asia; and all the eastern nations call the Constantinopolitan empire
Roum to this day. - E.
[11] Turkey, in these travels of Rubruquis, is always, to be understood as
referring to the Turkish dominion in Asia Minor, of which Konieh or
Iconium was the capital. - E.
[12] Nak-sivan, or Nag-jowan.
