Paris, 1890-98.
WHATLEY, STEPHEN. The Travels and Adventures of J. Massey.
Translated from the French. 1743.
WILLIAMS, C. THEODORE. The Climate of the South of France. 1869.
WINCKELMANN, J. J. Lettres familieres. Amsterdam, 1781.
Reflections on the Painting and Sculpture of the Greeks.
Translated by H. Fuseli. London, 1765. Voyage en Italie de J. J.
Barthelemy . . . avec des morceaux inedits de Winckelmann. 1801.
YOUNG, ARTHUR. Travels in France during 1787, 1788, 1789, edited
by M. Betham-Edwards. 1889.
YOUNG, EDWARD. Sa vie et ses oeuvres, par W. Thomas. Paris,
1901.
APPENDIX B
Short Notes on one or two unfamiliar Words which Smollett helped
to domesticate in England.
Berline. Swift and Chesterfield both use this for a heavy coach.
The most famous berline was that used in the flight to Varennes.
The name came from Brandenburg in the time of Frederick William.
Bize. Smollett's spelling of bise - the cutting N.N.E. wind which
makes Geneva so beautiful, but intolerable in the winter.
Brasiere=brasero. A tray for hot charcoal used for warming rooms
at Nice. Smollett practically introduced this word. Dried olives
were often used as fuel.
Calesse, calash, caleche. A low two-wheeled carriage of light
construction, with a movable folding hood; hence applied to a
hood bonnet as in Mrs. Gaskell's Cranford.
Cassine. Latin casa, cassa, cassina; the Italian cassina, A small
detached house in the fields, often whitewashed and of mean
appearance. Smollett uses the word as an equivalent for summer
cottage. Cf. bastide as used by Dumas. Cabane has practically
replaced cassine in modern French. See Letter XXIV.
Cambiatura. The system of changing chaises every post, common in
England, but unusual abroad except in Tuscany.
Cicisbeo. The word is used by Lady Mary Montagu in her Letters
(17I8) as cecisbeo. Smollett's best account is in Letter XVII.
See Introduction, p. xliii.
Conversazione. Gray uses the word for assembly in 1710, but
Smollett, I believe, is about the first Englishman to define it
properly.
Corinth. This was still used as a variant of currant, though
adherence to it was probably rather pedantic on Smollett's part
(cf. his use of "hough" for hoe). Boswell uses the modern form.
Corridore. This word was used by Evelyn, and the correct modern
spelling given by Johnson in 1753; but Smollett as often adheres
to the old form.
Douche. Italian doccia. Smollett is perhaps the first writer to
explain the word and assign to it the now familiar French form
(Letter XL).
Feluca. An Arab word to denote a coasting boat, oar or sail
propelled. Nelson and Marryat write felucca. It was large enough
to accommodate a post-chaise (Letter XXV).
Gabelle. Supposed to be derived from the Arabic kabala, the
irksome tax on salt, from which few provinces in France were
altogether free, swept away in 1790. Smollett describes the
exaction in San Remo.
Garum. Used by Smollett for the rich fish sauce of the ancients,
equivalent to a saumure, perhaps, in modern French cookery.
