(Jord.
33; I.B. IV. 246; Ward, Madras ed. 249-250; J.A.S.B. XVII. 833;
Ras Mala, II. 387.)
NOTE 9. - Satis were very numerous in parts of S. India. In 1815 there were
one hundred in Tanjore alone. (Ritter, VI. 303; J. Cathay, p. 80.)
NOTE 10. - "The people in this part of the country (Southern Mysore)
consider the ox as a living god, who gives them bread; and in every
village there are one or two bulls to whom weekly or monthly worship is
performed." (F. Buchanan, II. 174.) "The low-caste Hindus, called Gavi
by Marco Polo, were probably the caste now called Paraiyar (by the
English, Pariahs). The people of this caste do not venture to kill the
cow, but when they find the carcase of a cow which has died from disease,
or any other cause, they cook and eat it. The name Paraiyar, which means
'Drummers,' does not appear to be ancient."[6] (Note by the Rev. Dr.
Caldwell.)
In the history of Sind called Chach Namah, the Hindus revile the
Mahomedan invaders as Chandals and cow-eaters. (Elliot, I. 172, 193).
The low castes are often styled from their unrestricted diet, e.g.
Halal-Khor (P. "to whom all food is lawful"), Sab-khawa (H.
"omnivorous").
Babu Rajendralal Mitra has published a learned article on Beef in ancient
India, showing that the ancient Brahmans were far from entertaining the
modern horror of cow-killing. We may cite two of his numerous
illustrations. Goghna, "a guest," signifies literally "a cow-killer,"
i.e. he for whom a cow is killed. And one of the sacrifices prescribed
in the Sutras bears the name of Sula-gava "spit-cow," i.e.
roast-beef. (J.A.S.B. XLI. Pt. I. p. 174 seqq.)
NOTE 11. - The word in the G.T. is losci dou buef, which Pauthier's text
has converted into suif de buef - in reference to Hindus, a preposterous
statement. Yet the very old Latin of the Soc. Geog. also has
pinguedinem, and in a parallel passage about the Jogis (infra, ch.
xx.), Ramusio's text describes them as daubing themselves with powder of
ox-bones (l'ossa). Apparently l'osci was not understood (It.
uscito).
NOTE 12. - Later travellers describe the descendants of St. Thomas's
murderers as marked by having one leg of immense size, i.e. by
elephantiasis. The disease was therefore called by the Portuguese Pejo
de Santo Toma.
NOTE 13. - Mr. Nelson says of the Madura country: "The horse is a
miserable, weedy, and vicious pony; having but one good quality,
endurance. The breed is not indigenous, but the result of constant
importations and a very limited amount of breeding." (The Madura
Country, Pt.
