The Gayal Is Styled In Tibetan Ba-Men (Or
Ba-Man), Derived From Ba ('cow'), A Diminutive Form Of Which Is Beu.
Marco Polo Appears To Have Heard Some Dialectic Form Of This Word Like
Beu-Men Or Beu-Min."
XLVIII., p. 70.
KIUNG TU AND KIEN TU.
Kiung tu or Kiang tu is Caindu in Sze-Ch'wan; Kien tu is in Yun Nan. Cf.
PELLIOT, Bul. Ecole franc. Ext. Orient, July-Sept, 1904, p. 771. Caindu
or Ning Yuan was, under the Mongols, a dependency of Yun Nan, not of Sze
Ch'wan. (PELLIOT.)
XLVIII., p. 72. The name Karajang. "The first element was the Mongol or
Turki Kara.... Among the inhabitants of this country some are black, and
others are white; these latter are called by the Mongols Chaghan-Jang
('White Jang'). Jang has not been explained; but probably it may have been
a Tibetan term adopted by the Mongols, and the colours may have applied to
their clothing."
Dr. Berthold Laufer, of Chicago, has a note on the subject in the Journal
of the Royal Asiatic Soc., Oct., 1915, pp. 781-4: "M. Pelliot (Bul.
Ecole franc. Ext. Orient., IV., 1904, p. 159) proposed to regard the
unexplained name Jang as the Mongol transcription of Ts'uan, the
ancient Chinese designation of the Lo-lo, taken from the family name of
one of the chiefs of the latter; he gave his opinion, however, merely as
an hypothesis which should await confirmation. I now believe that Yule was
correct in his conception, and that, in accordance with his suggestion,
Jang indeed represents the phonetically exact transcription of a Tibetan
proper name. This is the Tibetan a Jan or a Jans (the prefixed letter
a and the optional affix -s being silent, hence pronounced Jang or
Djang), of which the following precise definition is given in the
Dictionnaire tibetain-latin francais par les Missionnaires Catholiques du
Tibet (p. 351): 'Tribus et regionis nomen in N.W. provinciae Sinarum
Yun-nan, cuius urbs principalis est Sa-t'am seu Ly-kiang fou. Tribus
vocatur Mosso a Sinensibus et Nashi ab ipsismet incolis.' In fact, as here
stated, Ja'n or Jang is the Tibetan designation of the Moso and the
territory inhabited by them, the capital of which is Li-kiang-fu. This
name is found also in Tibetan literature...."
XLVIII., p. 74, n. 2. One thousand Uighur families (nou) had been
transferred to Karajang in 1285. (Yuan Shi, ch. 13, 8v deg., quoted by
PELLIOT.)
L., pp. 85-6. Zardandan. "The country is wild and hard of access, full of
great woods and mountains which 'tis impossible to pass, the air in summer
is so impure and bad; and any foreigners attempting it would die for
certain."
"An even more formidable danger was the resolution of our 'permanent' (as
distinguished from 'local') soldiers and mafus, of which we were now
apprised, to desert us in a body, as they declined to face the malaria of
the Lu-Kiang Ba, or Salwen Valley. We had, of course, read in Gill's book
of this difficulty, but as we approached the Salwen we had concluded that
the scare had been forgotten. We found, to our chagrin, that the dreaded
'Fever Valley' had lost none of its terrors. The valley had a bad name in
Marco Polo's day, in the thirteenth century, and its reputation has clung
to it ever since, with all the tenacity of Chinese traditions. The
Chinaman of the district crosses the valley daily without fear, but the
Chinaman from a distance knows that he will either die or his wife will
prove unfaithful. If he is compelled to go, the usual course is to write
to his wife and tell her that she is free to look out for another husband.
Having made up his mind that he will die, I have no doubt that he often
dies through sheer funk." (R. Logan JACK, Back Blocks of China, 1904, p.
205.)
L., pp. 84, 89.
CONCERNING THE PROVINCE OF ZARDANDAN.
We read in Huber's paper already mentioned (Bul. Ecole Ext. Orient,
Oct.-Dec., 1909, p. 665): "The second month of the twelfth year (1275), Ho
T'ien-tsio, governor of the Kien Ning District, sent the following
information: 'A-kouo of the Zerdandan tribe, knows three roads to enter
Burma, one by T'ien pu ma, another by the P'iao tien, and the third by the
very country of A-kouo; the three roads meet at the 'City of the Head of
the River' [Kaung si] in Burma." A-kouo, named elsewhere A-ho, lived at
Kan-ngai. According to Huber, the Zardandan road is the actual caravan
road to Bhamo on the left of the Nam Ti and Ta Ping; the second route
would be by the Tien ma pass and Nam hkam, the P'iao tien route is the
road on the right bank of the Nam Ti and the Ta Ping leading to Bhamo
via San Ta and Man Waing.
The Po Yi and Ho Ni tribes are mentioned in the Yuan Shi, s.a. 1278.
(PELLIOT.)
L., p. 90.
Mr. H.A. OTTEWILL tells me in a private note that the Kachins or Singphos
did not begin to reach Burma in their emigration from Tibet until last
century or possibly this century. They are not to be found east of the
Salwen River.
L., p. 91.
COUVADE.
There is a paper on the subject in the Zeitschrift fuer Ethnologie (1911,
pp. 546-63) by Hugo Kunicke, Das sogennante, "Mannerkindbett," with a
bibliography not mentioning Yule's Marco Polo, Vinson, etc. We may also
mention: De la "Covada" en Espana. Por el Prof. Dr. Telesforo de
Aranzadi, Barcelona (Anthropos, T.V., fasc. 4, Juli-August, 1910, pp.
775-8).
L., p. 92 n.
I quoted Prof. E.H. Parker (China Review, XIV., p. 359), who wrote
that the "Langszi are evidently the Szi lang, one of the six
Chao, but turned upside down." Prof. Pelliot (Bul. Ecole franc.
Ext. Orient, IV., July-Sept., 1904, p. 771) remarks:
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