[Captain Gill Left Ch'eng-Tu On The 10th July, 1877,
And Reached Ya-Chau On The 14th, A Distance Of 75 Miles.
- H. C] (Ritter,
IV.
190 seqq.; Cooper, pp. 164-173; Richthofen in Verhandl. Ges. f.
Erdk. zu Berlin, 1874, p. 35.)
Tibet was always reckoned as a part of the Empire of the Mongol Kaans in
the period of their greatness, but it is not very clear how it came under
subjection to them. No conquest of Tibet by their armies appears to be
related by either the Mahomedan or the Chinese historians. Yet it is
alluded to by Plano Carpini, who ascribes the achievement to an unnamed son
of Chinghiz, and narrated by Sanang Setzen, who says that the King of Tibet
submitted without fighting when Chinghiz invaded his country in the year of
the Panther (1206). During the reign of Mangku Kaan, indeed, Uriangkadai,
an eminent Mongol general [son of Subudai] who had accompanied Prince
Kublai in 1253 against Yunnan, did in the following year direct his arms
against the Tibetans. But this campaign, that no doubt to which the text
alludes as "the wars of Mangu Kaan," appears to have occupied only a part
of one season, and was certainly confined to the parts of Tibet on the
frontiers of Yunnan and Sze-ch'wan. ["In the Yuen-shi, Tibet is mentioned
under different names. Sometimes the Chinese history of the Mongols uses
the ancient name T'u-fan. In the Annals, s.a. 1251, we read:
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