"Et Appellent Les C.M. Un Tuc; Et Les X.M. Un Toman; Et Un
Millier Guz Por Centenier Et Por Disenier." The Blanks He Supplies Thus
From Abulghazi:
"Et un millier:
[Un Miny]; Guz, por centenier et [Un]
por disenier." The words supplied are Turki, but so is the Guz, which
appears already in Pauthier's text, whilst Toman and Tuc are common to
Turki and Mongol. The latter word, Tuk or Tugh, is the horse-tail or
yak-tail standard which among so many Asiatic nations has marked the
supreme military command. It occurs as Taka in ancient Persian, and
Cosmas Indicopleustes speaks of it as Tupha. The Nine Orloks or Marshals
under Chinghiz were entitled to the Tuk, and theirs is probably the
class of command here indicated as of 100,000, though the figure must not
be strictly taken. Timur ordains that every Amir who should conquer a
kingdom or command in a victory should receive a title of honour, the
Tugh and the Nakkara. (Infra, Bk. II. ch. iv. note 3.) Baber on
several occasions speaks of conferring the Tugh upon his generals for
distinguished service. One of the military titles at Bokhara is still
Tokhsabai, a corruption of Tugh-Sahibi, (Master of the Tugh).
We find the whole gradation except the Tuc in a rescript of Janibeg,
Khan of Sarai, in favour of Venetian merchants dated February 1347. It
begins in the Venetian version: "La parola de Zanibeck allo puovolo di
Mogoli, alli Baroni di Thomeni,[1] delli miera, delli centenera, delle
dexiene." (Erdmann, 576; D'Avezac, 577-578; Remusat, Langues
Tartares, 303; Pallas, Samml.
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