The Travels And
Researches By Expeditions From Finland And Russia Have Made These
Questions Pretty Clear.
Some most interesting inscriptions have been
brought home and have been studied by a number of Orientalists:
G.
Schlegel, O. Donner, G. Deveria, Vasiliev, G. von der Gabelentz, Dr.
Hirth, G. Huth, E. H. Parker, W. Bang, etc., and especially Professor
Vilh. Thomsen, of Copenhagen, who deciphered them (Dechiffrement des
Inscriptions de l'Orkhon et de l'Ienissei, Copenhague, 1894, 8vo;
Inscriptions de l'Orkhon dechiffrees, par V. Thomsen, Helsingfors, 1894,
8vo), and Professor W. Radloff of St. Petersburg (Atlas der Alterthumer
der Mongolei, 1892-6, fol.; Die alttuerkischen Inschriften der Mongolei,
1894-7, etc.). There is an immense literature on these inscriptions, and
for the bibliography, I must refer the reader to H. Cordier, Etudes
Chinoises (1891-1894), Leide, 1895, Id. (1895-1898), Leide, 1898, 8vo.
The initiator of these discoveries was N. Iarindsev, of Irkutsk, who died
at Barnaoul in 1894, and the first great expedition was started from
Finland in 1890, under the guidance of Professor Axel Heikel.
(Inscriptions de l'Orkhon recueillies par l'expedition finnoise, 1890, et
publiees par la Societe Finno-Ougrienne, Helsingfors, 1892, fol.) The
Russian expedition left the following year, 1891, under the direction of
the Academician W. Radloff.
M. Chaffanjon (Nouv. Archiv. des Missions Scient. IX., 1899, p. 81), in
1895, does not appear to know that there is a difference between Kara
Korum and Kara Balgasun, as he writes: "Forty kilometres south of Kara
Korum or Kara Balgasun, the convent of Erdin Zoun."
A plan of Kara Balgasun is given (plate 27) in Radloff's Atlas.
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