The Relation Between Khan
And Khakan Seems To Be Probably That The Latter Signifies "Khan Of
Khans" Lord Of Lords.
Chinghiz, it is said, did not take the higher
title; it was first assumed by his son Okkodai.
But there are doubts
about this. (See Quatremere's Rashid, pp. 10 seqq. and Pavet de
Courteille, Dict. Turk-Oriental.) The tendency of swelling titles is
always to degenerate, and when the value of Khan had sunk, a new form,
Khan-khanan, was devised at the Court of Delhi, and applied to one
of the high officers of state.
[Mr. Rockhill writes (Rubruck, p. 108, note): "The title Khan,
though of very great antiquity, was only used by the Turks after A.D.
560, at which time the use of the word Khatun came in use for the
wives of the Khan, who himself was termed Ilkhan. The older title of
Shan-yue did not, however, completely disappear among them, for
Albiruni says that in his time the chief of the Ghuz Turks, or
Turkomans, still bore the title of Jenuyeh, which Sir Henry
Rawlinson (Proc. R. G. S., v. 15) takes to be the same word as that
transcribed Shan-yue by the Chinese (see Ch'ien Han shu, Bk. 94,
and Chou shu, Bk. 50, 2). Although the word Khakhan occurs in
Menander's account of the embassy of Zemarchus, the earliest mention I
have found of it in a Western writer is in the Chronicon of
Albericus Trium Fontium, where (571), under the year 1239, he uses it
in the form Cacanus" - Cf.
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