3 on the south side and 2 on each of the other sides. The old
Chinese accounts say there were 11 gates in Taidu. (See Amyot, Mem.
II. 553.) I have in my plan, therefore, assumed that one gate on the east
and one on the west were obliterated in the reduction of the enceinte by
the Ming. But I must observe that Mr. Lockhart tells me he did not find
the traces of gates in those positions, whilst the 2 gates on the north
side of the old Mongol rampart are quite distinct, with the barbicans in
front, and the old Mongol bridge over the ditch still serving for the
public thoroughfare.[1]
["The Yuen shi as well as the Ch'ue keng lu, and other works of the
Yuen, agree in stating that the capital had eleven gates. They are
enumerated in the following order: Southern wall - (1) The gate direct
south (mid.) was called Li-cheng men; (2) the gate to the left (east),
Wen-ming men; (3) the gate to the right (west), Shun-ch'eng men.
Eastern wall - (4) The gate direct east (mid.), Ch'ung-jen men; (5) the
gate to the south-east, Ts'i-hua men; (6) the gate to the north-east,
Kuang-hi men. Western wall - (7) The gate direct west (mid.), Ho-i men;
(8) the gate to the south-west, P'ing-tse men; (9) the gate to the
north-west, Su-ts'ing men.
