If A Small-Pox Epidemic Is In The Province, The People Of The Villages In Which It Has Not Yet Appeared Place Thorns On Their Bridges And Boundaries, To Scare Away The Evil Spirits Which Are Supposed To Carry The Disease.

In ordinary illnesses, if butter taken internally as well as rubbed into the skin does not cure the patient,

The lamas are summoned to the rescue. They make a mitsap, a half life-size figure of the sick person, dress it in his or her clothes and ornaments, and place it in the courtyard, where they sit round it, reading passages from the sacred classics fitted for the occasion. After a time, all rise except the superior lama, who continues reading, and taking small drums in their left hands, they recite incantations, and dance wildly round the mitsap, believing, or at least leading the people to believe, that by this ceremony the malady, supposed to be the work of a demon, will be transferred to the image. Afterwards the clothes and ornaments are presented to them, and the figure is carried in procession out of the yard and village and is burned. If the patient becomes worse, the friends are apt to resort to the medical skill of the missionaries. If he dies they are blamed, and if he recovers the lamas take the credit.

At some little distance outside Leh are the cremation grounds - desert places, destitute of any other vegetation than the Caprifolia horrida. Each family has its furnace kept in good repair.

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