Usually About Fifty
Were Present, And A Number More, Who Had Some Curiosity About 'the
Way,' But Did Not Care To Be Seen At Christian Worship, Hung About
The Doorways.
Dr. Marx read a few verses from the Gospels,
explaining them in a homely manner, and concluded with the Lord's
Prayer.
Then the out-patients were carefully and gently treated,
leprous limbs were bathed and anointed, the wards were visited at
noon and again at sunset, and in the afternoons operations were
performed with the most careful antiseptic precautions, which are
supposed to be used for the purpose of keeping away evil spirits from
the wounds! The Tibetans, in practice, are very simple in their
applications of medical remedies. Rubbing with butter is their great
panacea. They have a dread of small-pox, and instead of burning its
victims they throw them into their rapid torrents. If an isolated
case occur, the sufferer is carried to a mountain-top, where he is
left to recover or die. If a small-pox epidemic is in the province,
the people of the villages in which it has not yet appeared place
thorns on their bridges and boundaries, to scare away the evil
spirits which are supposed to carry the disease. In ordinary
illnesses, if butter taken internally as well as rubbed into the skin
does not cure the patient, the lamas are summoned to the rescue.
They make a mitsap, a half life-size figure of the sick person, dress
it in his or her clothes and ornaments, and place it in the
courtyard, where they sit round it, reading passages from the sacred
classics fitted for the occasion. After a time, all rise except the
superior lama, who continues reading, and taking small drums in their
left hands, they recite incantations, and dance wildly round the
mitsap, believing, or at least leading the people to believe, that by
this ceremony the malady, supposed to be the work of a demon, will be
transferred to the image. Afterwards the clothes and ornaments are
presented to them, and the figure is carried in procession out of the
yard and village and is burned. If the patient becomes worse, the
friends are apt to resort to the medical skill of the missionaries.
If he dies they are blamed, and if he recovers the lamas take the
credit.
At some little distance outside Leh are the cremation grounds - desert
places, destitute of any other vegetation than the Caprifolia
horrida. Each family has its furnace kept in good repair. The place
is doleful, and a funeral scene on the only sunless day I experienced
in Ladak was indescribably dismal. After death no one touches the
corpse but the lamas, who assemble in numbers in the case of a rich
man. The senior lama offers the first prayers, and lifts the lock
which all Tibetans wear at the back of the head, in order to liberate
the soul if it is still clinging to the body.
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