After This It Turned From West To E.N.E. Everywhere Environed
With Islands Two Or Three Leagues From Shore; And As Far As We Could
See, Many Dangerous Shelves Extended Above Four Or Five Leagues Out To
Sea.
[Footnote 36:
Cartier seems now to have returned to the south coast of
Newfoundland, but the relation of his voyage is too vague to be followed
with any tolerable certainty. - E.]
[Footnote 37: The sentence in italics is given in the precise words of
Hakluyt, probably signifying that the coast extended from E.S.E. to
W.N.W. - E.]
During the three following days we had a strong gale from the S.W. which
obliged us to steer E.N.E. and on the Saturday we came to the eastern
part of Newfoundland, between the Granges and Double Cape[38]. The
wind now blew a storm from the east, on which account we doubled that
cape to the N.N.W. to explore the northern part, which is all environed
with islands, as already stated. While near these islands and the land,
the wind turned to the south, which brought us within the gulf, so that
next day, being the 9th of August, we entered by the blessing of God
within the White Sands. Thus ended our discoveries in this voyage. On
the feast of the Assumption of our Lady, being the 15th of August, after
hearing divine service, we departed from the White Sands with a
prosperous gale, directing our course across the sea which lies between
Newfoundland and Brittany. In this passage we were much tossed during
three days by a heavy tempest from the east, which we weathered by the
blessing of God. After this we had fair weather, and arrived on the 5th
of September in the port of St Maloes.
[Footnote 38: Probably that now called Mistaken Points, near Cape
Race, which latter is the south-eastern point of Newfoundland - E.]
Specimen of the language of Newfoundland.
The sun, isnez Heaven, camet
Night, aiagla Water, ame
Sand, estogaz A sail, aganie
The head, agonaze The throat, conguedo
The nose, hehonguesto The teeth, hesangue
The nails, agetascu The feet, ochedasco
The legs, anoudasco A dead man, amocdaza
A skin, aionasca That man, yca
A hatchet, asogne A cod fish, gadagoursere
Good to be eaten, guesande Almonds, anougaza
Figs, asconda Gold, henyosco
An arrow, cacta A green tree, haveda
An earthen dish, undaco Brass, aignetaze
The brow, ausce A feather, yco
The moon, casmogan The earth, conda
Wind, canut Rain, ocnoscon
Bread, cacacomy The sea, amet
A ship, casaomy A man, undo
The hairs, hoc hosco Red cloth, caponeta
The eyes, ygata A knife, agoheda
The mouth, heche A mackarel, agedoneta
The ears, hontasco Nuts, caheya
The arms, agescu Apples, honesta
A woman, enrasesco Beans, sahe
A sick man, alouedeche A sword, achesco
Shoes, atta
SECTION II.
The second voyage of Jacques Cartier, to Canada, Hochelega, Saguenay,
and other lands now called New France; with the Manners and Customs of
the Natives.
On Whitsunday, the 16th of May 1535, by command of our captain, Jacques
Cartier, and by common consent, we confessed our sins and received the
holy sacrament in the cathedral of St Maloes; after which, having all
presented ourselves in the Quire, we received the blessing of the lord
bishop, being in his robes. On Wednesday following, the 19th of that
month, we set sail with a favourable gale. Our squadron consisted of
three ships. The great Hermina of an hundred to an hundred and twenty
tons, of which Jacques Cartier was captain and general of the
expedition, Thomas Frosmont chief master, accompanied by Claudius de
Pont Briand, son to the lord of Montceuell cupbearer to the Dauphin,
Charles de Pomeraies, John Powlet, and other gentlemen. In the second
ship of sixty tons, called the Little Hermina, Mace Salobert and William
Marie were captains under the orders of our general. The third ship of
forty tons, called the Hermerillon, was commanded by William Britton and
James Maingare. The day after we set sail, the prosperous gale was
changed into storms and contrary winds, with darksome fogs, in which we
suffered exceedingly till the 25th of June, when our three ships lost
sight of each other, and never rejoined again till after our arrival at
Newfoundland. We in the generals ship continued to be tossed about by
contrary winds till the 7th of July, when we made the island of
Birds[39], 14 leagues from the main of Newfoundland. This island is so
full of birds that our ships might have been loaded with them, and the
quantity taken away not missed. We took away two boat loads, to increase
our sea stores. The Isle of Birds is in lat. 49 deg. 40' N.
[Footnote 39: Already supposed to be that now called Funk Island, in
lat. 50 deg. N. - E.]
We left this island with a fair wind on the eighth of July, and came to
the harbour of White Sands, or Blanc Sablon, in the Grand Bay or Baye
des Chateaux, where the rendezvous of the squadron had been appointed.
We remained here till the 26th of July, when both of the other ships
joined us, and we then laid in a stock of wood and water for enabling us
to proceed on our voyage. Every thing being in readiness, we set sail
from the White Sands early in the morning of the 29th, and sailing along
the northern coast, which runs from S.W. to N.E. we passed by two
islands, lying farther out than the others, which we named St Williams
Islands, being twenty leagues or more from the port called Brest. All
the coast from the Bay of Castles to that place, lies E. and W. - N.E.
and S.W. off which there are sundry small islands, the whole being
stony and barren, without soil or trees, except in a few narrow vallies.
Next day, we sailed twelve leagues and a half westwards, in search of
other islands, among which there is a great bay towards the north, all
full of islands and great creeks, among which there seemed to be many
good harbours.
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