Personal Narrative Of Travels To The Equinoctial Regions Of America During The Years 1799-1804 - Volume 3 - By Alexander Von Humboldt And Aime Bonpland.
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The Limestone Of The
Penas Is Compact, Bluish Grey And Almost Destitute Of Petrifactions.
It Appeared To Me To Be Much More Ancient Than The Tertiary
Conglomerate Of Barigon, And I Saw It Covering, In Concordant
Position, A Slaty Clay, Somewhat Analogous To Muriatiferous Clay.
I
was greatly interested in comparing this latter formation with the
strata of carburetted marl contained in the Alpine limestone of
Cumanacoa.
According to the opinions now most generally received, the
rock of the Penas Negras may be considered as representing muschelkalk
(limestone of Gottingen); and the saliferous and bituminous clay of
Araya, as representing variegated sandstone; but these problems can
only be solved when the mines of those countries are worked. Those
geologists who are of opinion that the gem-salt of Italy penetrates
into a stratum above the Jura limestone, and even the chalk, may be
led to mistake the limestone of the Penas Negras for one of the strata
of compact limestone without grains of quartz and petrifactions, which
are frequently found amidst the tertiary conglomerate of Barigon and
of the Castillo de Cumana; the saliferous clay of Araya would appear
to them analogous to the plastic clay of Paris,* (* Tertiary sandstone
with lignites, or molassus of Argovia.) or to the clayey shelves (dief
et tourtia) of secondary sandstone with lignites, containing
salt-springs, in Belgium and Westphalia. However difficult it may be
to distinguish separately the strata of marl and clay belonging to
variegated sandstone, muschelkalk, quadersandstein, Jura limestone,
secondary sandstone with lignites (green and iron sand) and the
tertiary strata lying above chalk, I believe that the bitumen which
everywhere accompanies gem-salt, and most frequently salt-springs,
characterizes the muriatiferous clay of the peninsula of Araya and the
island of Marguerita, as linked with formations lying below the
tertiary strata.
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