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"The Current Of The River Is Strong But Regular, The Timber Increases
In Quantity, The Low Grounds Become More Level And Extensive,
And The Bluffs Are Lower Than Before.
As the game is very abundant,
we think it necessary to begin a collection of hides for the purpose
Of making a leathern boat, which we intend constructing shortly.
The hunters, who were out the greater part of the day,
brought in six elk, two buffalo, two mule-deer, and a bear.
This last animal had nearly cost us the lives of two of our hunters,
who were together when he attacked them. One of them narrowly escaped
being caught, and the other, after running a considerable distance,
concealed himself in some thick bushes, and, while the bear
was in quick pursuit of his hiding-place, his companion came up,
and fortunately shot the animal through the head."
Here the party came to the mouth of a large river which entered
the Missouri from the northwest, at the site of the latter-day
town of Ophir, Montana. This stream they named Maria's River,
in honor of another Virginia damsel. So large and important
in appearance was Maria's River that the explorers were not certain
which was the main stream, that which came in from the north,
or that which, flowing here in a general course from southwest
to northeast, was really the true Missouri. The journal says:
"It now became an interesting question, which of these two streams
is what the Minnetarees call Ahmateahza, or Missouri, which they
describe as approaching very near to the Columbia. On our right
decision much of the fate of the expedition depends; since if,
after ascending to the Rocky Mountains or beyond them, we should find
that the river we were following did not come near the Columbia,
and be obliged to return, we should not only lose the travelling season,
two months of which have already elapsed, but probably dishearten
the men so much as to induce them either to abandon the enterprise,
or yield us a cold obedience, instead of the warm and zealous
support which they have hitherto afforded us. We determined,
therefore, to examine well before we decided on our future course.
For this purpose we despatched two canoes with three men up each of
the streams, with orders to ascertain the width, depth, and rapidity
of the current, so as to judge of their comparative bodies of water.
At the same time parties were sent out by land to penetrate the country,
and discover from the rising grounds, if possible, the distant bearings
of the two rivers; and all were directed to return toward evening.
. . . . . . . . .
Both parties returned without bringing any information that would settle
the point. Which was the true Missouri still remained uncertain.
Under these circumstances, it became necessary that there
should be a more thorough exploration, and the next morning
Captains Lewis and Clark set out at the head of two separate parties,
the former to examine the north, and the latter the south fork.
In his progress Captain Lewis and his party were frequently
obliged to quit the course of the river and cross the plains
and hills, but he did not lose sight of its general direction,
and carefully took the bearings of the distant mountains.
On the morning of the third day he became convinced that this river
pursued a course too far north for his contemplated route to the Pacific,
and he accordingly determined to return, but judged it advisable
to wait till noon, that he might obtain a meridian altitude.
In this, however, he was disappointed, owing to the state of the weather.
Much rain had fallen, and their return was somewhat difficult,
and not unattended with danger, as the following incident,
which occurred on June 7th, will show:
"In passing along the side of a bluff at a narrow pass thirty
yards in length, Captain Lewis slipped, and, but for a fortunate
recovery by means of his spontoon, would have been precipitated
into the river over a precipice of about ninety feet.
He had just reached a spot where, by the assistance of his spontoon,
he could stand with tolerable safety, when he heard a voice
behind him cry out, `Good God, captain, what shall I do?'
He turned instantly, and found it was Windsor, who had
lost his foothold about the middle of the narrow pass,
and had slipped down to the very verge of the precipice,
where he lay on his belly, with his right arm and leg over it,
while with the other leg and arm he was with difficulty
holding on, to keep himself from being dashed to pieces below.
His dreadful situation was instantly perceived by Captain Lewis,
who, stifling his alarm, calmly told him that he was in no danger;
that he should take his knife out of his belt with his right hand,
and dig a hole in the side of the bluff to receive his right foot.
With great presence of mind he did this, and then raised
himself on his knees. Captain Lewis then told him to take
off his moccasins and come forward on his hands and knees,
holding the knife in one hand and his rifle in the other.
He immediately crawled in this way till he came to a secure spot.
The men who had not attempted this passage were ordered
to return and wade the river at the foot of the bluff,
where they found the water breast-high. This adventure taught
them the danger of crossing the slippery heights of the river;
but as the plains were intersected by deep ravines,
almost as difficult to pass, they continued down the river,
sometimes in the mud of the low grounds, sometimes up to their
arms in the water; and when it became too deep to wade,
they cut footholds with their knives in the sides of the banks.
In this way they travelled through the rain, mud, and water,
and having made only eighteen miles during the whole day, camped in
an old Indian lodge of sticks, which afforded them a dry shelter.
Here they cooked part of six deer they had killed in the course
of their walk, and having eaten the only morsel they had tasted
during the whole day, slept comfortably on some willow-boughs."
Chapter X
To the Great Falls of the Missouri
Next day, June 8, the Lewis party returned to the main body of
the expedition.
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