The Post Was Held By 200 Of The
South Wales Borderers, Reinforced By The 59th Imperial Yeomanry,
Who Had Come In As Escort To A Convoy From Krugersdorp.
The attack,
which lasted all day, was carried out by a commando of 2000 Boers
under Smuts, who rushed the position upon the following morning.
As
usual, the Boers, who were unable to retain their prisoners, had
little to show for their success. The British casualties, however,
were between thirty and forty, mostly wounded.
On January 22nd General Cunninghame left Oliphant's Nek with a
small force consisting of the Border and Worcester Regiments, the
6th Mounted Infantry, Kitchener's Horse, 7th Imperial Yeomanry, 8th
R.F.A., and P battery R.H.A. It had instructions to move south upon
the enemy known to be gathering there. By midday this force was
warmly engaged, and found itself surrounded by considerable bodies
of De la Rey's burghers. That night they camped at Middelfontein,
and were strongly attacked in the early morning. So menacing was
the Boer attitude, and so formidable the position, that the force
was in some danger. Fortunately they were in heliographic
communication with Oliphant's Nek, and learned upon the 23rd that
Babington had been ordered to their relief. All day Cunninghame's
men were under a long-range fire, but on the 24th Babington
appeared, and the British force was successfully extricated, having
seventy-five casualties. This action of Middelfontein is
interesting as having been begun in Queen Victoria's reign, and
ended in that of Edward VII.
Cunninghame's force moved on to Krugersdorp, and there, having
heard of the fall of the Modderfontein post as already described, a
part of his command moved out to the Gatsrand in pursuit of Smuts.
It was found, however, that the Boers had taken up a strong
defensive position, and the British were not numerous enough to
push the attack. On February 3rd Cunninghame endeavoured to
outflank the enemy with his small cavalry force while pushing his
infantry up in front, but in neither attempt did he succeed, the
cavalry failing to find the flank, while the infantry were met with
a fire which made further advance impossible. One company of the
Border Regiment found itself in such a position that the greater
part of it was killed, wounded, or taken. This check constituted
the action of Modderfontein. On the 4th, however, Cunningham,
assisted by some of the South African Constabulary, made his way
round the flank, and dislodged the enemy, who retreated to the
south. A few days later some of Smuts's men made an attempt upon
the railway near Bank, but were driven off with twenty-six
casualties. It was after this that Smuts moved west and joined De
la Rey's commando to make the attack already described upon
Lichtenburg. These six attempts represent the chief aggressive
movements which the Boers made against British posts in the
Transvaal during these months. Attacks upon trains were still
common, and every variety of sniping appears to have been rife,
from the legitimate ambuscade to something little removed from
murder.
It has been described in a previous chapter how Lord Kitchener made
an offer to the burghers which amounted to an amnesty, and how a
number of those Boers who had come under the influence of the
British formed themselves into peace committees, and endeavoured to
convey to the fighting commandos some information as to the
hopelessness of the struggle, and the lenient mood of the British.
Unfortunately these well-meant offers appear to have been mistaken
for signs of weakness by the Boer leaders, and encouraged them to
harden their hearts. Of the delegates who conveyed the terms to
their fellow countrymen two at least were shot, several were
condemned to death, and few returned without ill-usage. In no case
did they bear back a favourable answer. The only result of the
proclamation was to burden the British resources by an enormous
crowd of women and children who were kept and fed in refugee camps,
while their fathers and husbands continued in most cases to fight.
This allusion to the peace movement among the burghers may serve as
an introduction to the attempt made by Lord Kitchener, at the end
of February 1901, to bring the war to a close by negotiation.
Throughout its course the fortitude of Great Britain and of the
Empire had never for an instant weakened, but her conscience had
always been sensitive at the sight of the ruin which had befallen
so large a portion of South Africa, and any settlement would have
been eagerly hailed which would insure that the work done had not
been wasted, and would not need to be done again. A peace on any
other terms would simply shift upon the shoulders of our
descendants those burdens which we were not manly enough to bear
ourselves. There had arisen, as has been said, a considerable peace
movement among the burghers of the refugee camps and also among the
prisoners of war. It was hoped that some reflection of this might
be found among the leaders of the people. To find out if this were
so Lord Kitchener, at the end of February, sent a verbal message to
Louis Botha, and on the 27th of that month the Boer general rode
with an escort of Hussars into Middelburg. 'Sunburned, with a
pleasant, fattish face of a German type, and wearing an imperial,'
says one who rode beside him. Judging from the sounds of mirth
heard by those without, the two leaders seem to have soon got upon
amiable terms, and there was hope that a definite settlement might
spring from their interview. From the beginning Lord Kitchener
explained that the continued independence of the two republics was
an impossibility. But on every other point the British Government
was prepared to go great lengths in order to satisfy and conciliate
the burghers.
On March 7th Lord Kitchener wrote to Botha from Pretoria,
recapitulating the points which he had advanced.
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