The Discovery of The Source of the Nile by John Hanning Speke  






 -   Some are pastorals, but most are agriculturalists;
and this difference, I believe, originates solely from want of a
stable government - Page 7
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Some Are Pastorals, But Most Are Agriculturalists; And This Difference, I Believe, Originates Solely From Want Of A Stable Government, To Enable Them To Reap What They Produce; For Where The Negro Can Save His Cattle, Which Is His Wealth, By Eating Grain, He Will Do It.

In the same way as all animals, whether wild or tame, require a guide to lead their flocks, so do the negroes find it necessary to have chiefs over their villages and little communities, who are their referees on all domestic or political questions.

They have both their district and their village chiefs, but, in the countries we are about to travel over, no kings such as we shall find that the Wahuma have. The district chief is absolute, though guided in great measure by his "grey-beards," who constantly attend his residence, and talk over their affairs of state. These commonly concern petty internal matters; for they are too selfish and too narrow-minded to care for anything but their own private concerns. The grey-beards circulate the orders of the chief amongst the village chiefs, who are fined when they do not comply with them; and hence all orders are pretty well obeyed.

One thing only tends to disorganise the country, and that is war, caused, in the first instance, by polygamy, producing a family of half-brothers, who, all aspiring to succeed their father, fight continually with one another, and make their chief aim slaves and cattle; whilst, in the second instance, slavery keeps them ever fighting and reducing their numbers.

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